Laws and Legislations

Timeline

Changes in technology. Technology has changed a considerable amount over the last decade going from big camera which are heavy to lightweight camera which anyone can buy.one of he best examples of this in my opinion is Gopro's. Before the Gopro was invented if people wanted to film underwater they would have to take big heavy cameras in big waterproof cases. no a days people can buy a Gopro action camera with a waterproof case and film without worrying it will break. Gopros changed the industry especially for the action sports world. The picture underneath shows snowboarder mike basich using a camera to film his run and you can see he has an old camera. 

    

on this picture you see him filming for a Gopro advert and the quality of the photo is ten timesbetter. underneath is the evolution of the Gopro. 

Here we have the Gopro Hero which was the first Gopro made by Nick Woodman. This is the camera which put Gopro on the map as it was one of the first of its kind.  

 The next Gopro was the Gopro Hero. Even know it shares it name with the other camera it looks completely different and looked futuristick at the time.

This is the Gopro Hero 2 which I currently own and it was Gopro game changer if you will. This camera was compatible with a lot more accessories. The LCD screen was one of the best accessories available for this camera as it allowed you to watch what you filmed and to see what it would look like before shooting.

 

The Gopro 3 came in 3 different versions; white edition, black edition and silver edition. The white edition was the cheapest and shot 5mp and 1080p 30fps, The silver was slightly more expensive and it shot more mega pixels and the Black edition was the most expensive shooting more mega pixels and more frames per second it also has a wifi remote along with the built in LCD screen. In previous cameras you had to buy the LCD screen as an extra but in the black edition it is built in.

The Gopro Hero 4 also came in different versions but this one of them was a completely different shape. The hero 4 black is seen as pro quality and the best quality shooting 4K. The Hero 4 silver is the next pone down and included a touch LCD screen whereas the black didn't. The Hero 4 sessions is a completely different shape and is lightweight and considerably smaller. The Hero + LCD is the entry level camera which features a touch LCD screen just like the silver edition but this is a lot cheaper. The Hero + LCD is also available in a non LCD screen edition.

ESPN is a U.S.-based global cable and satellite television channel owned by ESPN Inc., a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation.		Sky Sports is a group of sports television channels operated by the satellite pay-TV company Sky plc. Sky Sports is the dominant subscription television sports brand in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It has played a major role in the increased commercialisation of British sport since 1991, sometimes playing a large role in inducing organisational changes in the sports it broadcasts, most notably when it encouraged the Premier League to break away from The Football League in 1992
Accounting & finance	Net worth: $40 billion	Accounting & finance
Founded	07 Sep 1979	Founded
Founders	Bill Rasmussen Scott Rasmussen	Founders	Rupert Murdoch
Industry	Media	Industry	Media
Location/headquarters	Bristol, CT	Location/headquarters	Isleworth
Division/other companies owned	Owned by Walt Disney	Division/other companies owned	Sky

 

ESPN is a multinational American organisation. ESPN is a U.S based global cable and satellite television channel owned by ESPN Inc. BT is continuing to branch out into the sport; they have bought ESPN’s UK and Ireland TV channels thought to be in the “low tens of millions”. ESPN earn their money in different ways. Pay per view is one way which is becoming more popular because of the rise in popularity in sport. ESPN are doing a “cricket pass” which allows viewers to watch the entire cricket. Other way they make the money is from licence fees, subscription, sponsorship, and advertising.

Sky Sports is a group of sports television channels operated by the satellite pay-TV company Sky plc. Sky Sports is the dominant subscription television sports brand in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It has played a major role in the increased commercialisation of British sport since 1991, sometimes playing a large role in inducing organisational changes in the sports it broadcasts, most notably when it encouraged the Premier League to break away from The Football League in 1992. Sky makes a lot of money through sponsorship deals with having the premier league on there channels.  Sky and BT had a big bidding war to show the football on their channel. Sky fork out a staggering £11+ million per game whereas BT will pay around £7.6 million per game.

Job roles

Set builder

A set builder’s job is to build the set which the director or assistant director has asked them to build.

Skills

A set builder needs to be able to build the set to the highest quality. A set builders skills usually contain being a carpenter, plasterer, painter and welder. When the set builder is on set they need to be able to fix any problems which might happen during filming. Set builders also need to know who to work CAD(computer aided design) and CAM(computer aided manufacture).

What does a set builder do?

A set builder or set construction is the process by which a construction manager undertakes to build full scale scenery suitable for viewing by camera, as specified by a production designer or art director working in collaboration with the director of a production to create a set for a theatrical, film or television production. The set designer produces a scale model, scale drawings, paint elevations (a scale painting supplied to the scenic painter of each element that requires painting), and research about props, textures, and so on. Scale drawings typically include a groundplan, elevation, and section of the complete set, as well as more detailed drawings of individual scenic elements which, in theatrical productions, may be static, flown, or built onto scenery wagons. Models and paint elevations are frequently hand-produced, though in recent years, many Production Designers and most commercial theatres have begun producing scale drawings with the aid of computer drafting programs such as AutoCAD or Vectorworks.

Qualifications

As a set builder you will need a wide variety of industry skills and knowledge, e.g., in carpentry or rigging, welding, painting and being able to plaster.  Most Assistant Construction Managers have accredited qualifications, such as the Advanced Construction Award, or an NVQ in Carpentry and Joinery. You will need detailed knowledge of the relevant health and safety legislation. A full, EU driving license is required as the role often involves travel.

Salary

£1,200 - £1,700 for a major feature film £1,000 - £1,400 Med/Sml feature or

International TV £1,000 - £1,400 TV Drama £380 Commercial (Day) the wage will vary to the amount of hours to do.

	Set designer Set builder Set decorator Assistant set decorator

Marine and diving camera operator

Marine and diving camera operators are often known as underwater videographers or underwater photographers.

Skills

A marine and diving camera operator needs to be comfortable in the water and good with cameras.

What do they do?

Marine and Diving Crews are mainly responsible for bringing the underwater world alive on film while keeping the cast and crew safe. A marine and diving camera operator is often called a underwater videographer. The job of an underwater videographer is to film the underwater scenes either in films or sometimes they do it for hotels for promotional work. If you want to be a marine and diving camera operator you have to have training in diving so you are comfortable in the water and you need to know how to work the camera well.

The Head of Department is the Underwater Director of Photography (DoP) or Underwater Camera Operator, whose responsibilities are the same as those of a standard DoP: to interpret the Director's vision for the underwater scenes, using all the relevant equipment. As many feature film actors perform their own stunts, characters seen on screen plunging off a cliff into freezing sea water, struggling for air in a sinking car, or swimming under ice and eventually coming up for air, may well be played by A-List stars. Most Underwater DoPs start work in the early stages of preproduction, discussing any water stunts and working closely with Visual Effects Supervisors and Stunt Co-coordinators. Stunt and effects sequences are carefully planned and storyboarded. Where a potentially dangerous stunt is required and/or more control of the underwater environment is needed, diving tanks are used.

Salary

The wage for this job varies from around $30,000 to $60,000.

	Camera operator First camera assistant Camera trainee Marine and diving camera operator

Armourer

 

Skills

An armourer needs to be strict because dealing with weapons is dangerous.

 

What do they do?

An armourer oversees the use of weapons and makes sure they are used properly. When a film is using weapons they have to contact police to make sure it’s either fake or it’s for a film not a real life situation. A licensed Armourer has to be on set when weapons and firearms are used, to meet legal requirements. Armourers analyses the script, working with the Producer, Director and Properties Master, to put together a list of weapons needed. They may have to research the style of weaponry according to the period and type of film. Armourers may also consult with the Production Designer and the Prop Maker on the design of any tailor-made weapons. They advise the Director and Producer about the types of firearms suitable for the film. They also advise on the legal requirements of relevant firearm laws, and produce a full risk assessment. If any scenes involving weapons are shot outside the studio, Armourers contact the police to get the appropriate permissions. Armourers source the weapons needed. They either hire them from a licensed Armoury, or use their own. Prior to shooting scenes involving weapons, Armourers set up a safety brief of controls for the Actors and crew. They explain safe distances and areas, and draw up an "On Set Code of Practice". They have to rule out the chance of injury to anyone on set. 

Qualifications

 You need to have comprehensive training in the use of firearms as a basic requirement. You will also need specialist training, permits and certificates according to the types of weapons used. In the UK, permits and licenses are issued by the police and the Home Office, under strict conditions.

 

Salary

The salary for an armourer ranges from £20,000 to £60,000.












                                                                                                                  

 

My relationship with film Task 2

People interact with films in different ways, some have a personal connection and others just find things interesting. For me I find things like Crime and action interesting. Some of my favourite films are Crime as it fascinates me. The film Green street interests me as I find football hooliganism interesting. People show how they interact with films different, some people like super fans go to extreme lengths to look or act like there favourite film character. Super fans tent to go to the cinema wearing the costume of the character they like or are interested in. Super fans also read the comics and get quite defensive of the films and comics. Another type of fan is the enthusiast who sometimes wears t-shirts with the character on and knows a lot about the person. The super fan and the enthusiast tend to argue on who is who or what is what, the super fan knows more as they read the comics. The consumer is just an everyday person who watches the film and enjoys and doesn't really do much else. The anti-fan is the person who tends to argue and express how they feel about something (usually bad things). I would consider myself a consumer or a fan as I enjoy the film and interested but I don't go round acting like the people I like in films and fight people. Other people like the same genre as me but not necessarily  the same film as it is an odd choice because people don't find it interesting. I find films similar to this interesting like the Firm, guvnors, away days and the other green street films (which aren't very good). The film The Firm shows the journey of a teenager called Dom go from just a normal kid to someone who is fighting on the terraces with a football firm. In the film it shows Dom changing the way he is dressed so he is part of the firm, in real life this happens a lot. People want to dress like the 80s casuals but don't necessarily want to fight or get in trouble. Online and in everyday life the 80s casuals culture has grown a lot, people are dressing more like them. Brands such as Adidas, Ellesse and Fila have became much more popular than they use to be. This year Adidas' sales increase a considerable amount more than Nikes did. Other films in the crime/action genre I like are The Krays. The Krays is about the infamous Kray twins which ruled the east end of London in the 1950s and 1960s in organised crime. Most people have heard of the Krays as they are one of the most if not the most famous British gangsters. The film Legends which was released in 2015 is the newest Kray twins film which was talked about a lot as actor Tom Hardy played both Ronnie and Reggie Kray. People who like the genre or crime and action are most likely to like this film rather than something like green street because The Kray twins had a big reputation and people who weren't born at the time like to find out what happened and be educated on the life hey lived.
One of the theory's related to how we relate to film is the uses and gratification model, one of the reason someone relates with a film is how they dress and how they act this is also know as there personal identity. Some of the audience use the film to escape to the world of football hooliganism. In Newcastle on average around 50,000 people go to watch the magpies and a small minority of the audience are involved in football hooliganism. People who watch the hooliganism films tend to be involved or like to think they are. The audiences preferred reading of the film is they think it is good to be a hooligan and get in trouble. When watching the film it effects people and they strive to be like the people in the film.

Producers and their audicnces Task 1

My favourite film is green street and the reason for this is that many people can relate to what happens in the film. The producers Donald Zuckerman and Deborah Del Prete identify the audience in many ways, the most obvious to me was the clothes they wear. Football "hooligans" have a reputation for wearing clothing brands such as Stone Island, C.P Company, Adidas and Lacoste. In the film the main character is seen wearing the majority of these brands throughout the film. Its not just the main character who is seen wearing these brands, the rest of the "firm" is known to wear these. The producers identified the audience by showing these brands. People who wear these brands are normally the audience because the majority of football "hooligans" wear these brands. In the film matt who is the American goes from dressing normally to wearing brands like Stone island which he is seen wearing in the final scene. The way this connects the audience is that people who are involved in football violence don't start out like this they tend to just be normal people then they do it a couple of times or look up to people who do it and they want to do it.

Green street was distributed by universal pictures in the UK and in the US it was distributed by freestyle releasing which is an independent film studio. In the opening weekend Green street made $48,760 in the opening weekend being showed is only 7 screens. In the UK it made £446,369 in the opening weekend and it was shown in 245 screens.  green street has made $3.154 million so far that's around £2,156,610.58. When the film was released the critics had split opinions, some thought it was quite good and the others thought it wasn't great and one of the main characters Pete had a bad cockney accent. Green Streets marketing campaign contained mostly interviews and posters. The green street campaign wasn't huge as they used actors like Elijah wood who was previously in The Lord of the rings so they used his name to market the film for them. Green Street used a premiere also to market the film. Also part of the campaign they used different poster to sell the film. The two different posters are to appeal to different audiences. One poster shows a more chilled approach which catches the eye and the other shows what the film is really about.  

Hollywood and British film industry

Hollywood and British film industry. There are many differences between the industry in Hollywood and Britain from funding. In Britain people can use the BFI(British film institute) who use the national lottery funds, not only do they fund them they help the popularity and increase the audience.  This quote from the BFI sums up what they do pretty well.

"We seek to reflect the public in the films we support, the audiences who watch them, and the filmmakers, actors and crews who make them."

overall the British film industry is known for making low budget films on the other hand some of these movies have actually been a success in Britain and occasionally America. British audiences normally would choose to watch Hollywood films rather than a low budget film. In America the conglomerates have the money and connections to spend millions on the three main stages of the films production e.g. Production, marketing and exhibition. A conglomerate such as Disney can produce, market and distribute/exhibit there film by using there subsidiary companies so they not only save money they don't have to go to outside companies. This is know as synergy and is an example of vertical integration. British films are usually lower budget comparing to a Hollywood blockbuster. A low budget film is normally not as good quality as a Hollywood blockbuster. The equipment on the low budget films are normally not as good e.g. lighting, cameras, costumes, settings and other things.  In Hollywood the films have more funders so wealthy billionaires want to help fund the films so they can have the lifestyle of a movie star and get the profits too. Big Hollywood film companies often get money to fund the films either through the investors or though loans. The UK see the Hollywood blockbusters as the next must see thing to watch, companies like marvel will release an advert for a film and the hype around it makes almost everyone want to go and see it. A British film isn't normally as hyped up. The theme of the films in Britain compared to Hollywood is a quite different. In Britain quite a few of the films are showing the life of British people, so the film this is England showed a boy going through his life and him going into gangs and the movement he followed. China built a $1.27bn Hollywood co production studio. The US took a big step towards the Chinese film industry with this announcement, the china wood global service base will be a multi million dollar film production centre which will be constructed in a partnership with Chinese authorities. This isn't the first time Hollywood and china have collaborated, in the film The karate kid with Jayden smith they worked together. In the UK the official co-production can enable you access to the UK tax relief. In film you are allowed to apply for the funding from the UK's nations and the BFI film fund. All British qualifying films of any budget level can claim payable cash rebate of up to 25% of the UK qualifying expenditure. The tax relief in the UK is capped at 80% of the expenditure, if you spend 100% of the qualifying expenditure in the UK tax relief is payable on up to 80%. There is no budget limit. This will attract overseas producers because it will save money. In film IMAX is now used a lot more, when it comes to making an IMAX film they have to use special IMAX cameras which can cost a lot more then normal cameras. Films are released in different ways firstly there is standard release which is regulated by a business model which is also known as a release windows. In standard release process a film is released in the cinemas first then around 16 and a half weeks later it will be released on DVD and Blu-Ray. After around 2 years after the cinema release it willWalt Disney studios motion pictures who are owned by Disney. This saves money and it is easier.  be released on TV. A simultaneous release is when a movie is available on most media at the same time, so in cinema, DVD, Blu-Ray and internet. This is good for the viewers because they can choose what media to see it. This sometimes makes less money as people don't have to go to the cinema or buy it on DVD or Blu-Ray as it is on the internet and can be viewed on pirate websites. Straight to video release are when is skips going to the cinema and straight to the DVD and Blu-Ray stage. This is often for smaller release films. Internet release is when it goes on the internet straight away, this is often for short films which appear on YouTube.

Disney is an example Vertical integration because it is a conglomerate. When making a film it goes through three main stages, they are: Production, Distribution and exhibition. If the company owns other companies which can do these stages it is known as a conglomerate which is vertical integration. It is beneficial for Disney to be a conglomerate because it means they don’t need to go to other companies to get music, sound effects and distributing the films. When Disney distribute there films they use there own companies.

Auteur and genre theory

Auteur theory is when the directors personal vision is seen in the film, one example is when Wes Anderson uses Owen Wilson in his films. Owen Wilson has been in many of his film for example bottle rocket, Rushmore, the royal tenenbaums, The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, The Darjeeling Limited, Fantastic Mr. Fox and The Grand Budapest Hotel. One of his best films in my opinion is The Grand Budapest Hotel, the film is about Gustave H who was a hotel concierge at a famous hotel and Zero Moustafa who is a lobby boy. In Wes Andersons film he uses bright uniforms which make characters stand out. One of the best examples would be in the film The Grand Budapest Hotel. Another good example is Castello Cavalcanti which is a sort film by Wes Anderson and like his other films his uniform stands out. In Wes' films he uses bright colours and one of the ways he shows this is through what the actors wears. Wes uses the same actors in most of his films this I a his personal vision, he uses owen Wilson is a lot of his films along side bill murray and various other actors. this table shows which actors were in his films.  

In the film Wes Andersons creative vision is shown as the shots he used are symmetrical. I have never seen a film in which everything is so symmetrical.  here are some stills from the film and here is a clip to show an example of this. The way Wes Anderson uses symmetry is amazing, in this video it show his different films and the examples of symmetry.  

Genre

A genre is a way of classifying a film or other art form. A genre makes it easier to choose which film you would like to see. Peoples personal opinion on which genre they like varies, so I like crime and action and some others like romantic films. Directors tend to stick to there favourite genre and in some cases use the same actors. Wes Anderson uses Owen Wilson a lot in his films, he stared in; bottle rocket, Rushmore, the royal temenbaums, the life aquatic, the Darjeeling limited, fantastic Mr. Fox and the grand Budapest hotel. A lot of his films are comedy's and use vibrant outfits. Action films tend to have the same story line, the good guy fights with the bad guy and the good guy eventually wins. In action films there is usually some sort of frantic chase which would include some sort of vehicle or just people running on a vehicle, a good example of this is James Bond skyfall. In the film Bond is on a train and chasing a bad guy who he is trying to get information from and they start shooting at each other and there is a confrontation here is a clip.